Essential Grammar and Vocabulary for Early Learners

Language is a fundamental tool for communication, and a strong foundation in grammar and vocabulary helps young learners develop confidence in reading, writing, and speaking. This booklet is designed to introduce basic grammatical structures and essential vocabulary concepts in an engaging and interactive way.

Understanding “This” and “That”

In English, “this” and “that” are used to refer to singular objects:

• “This” is used for objects that are near.
  • Example: This is a shirt.
• “That” is used for objects that are far.
  • Example: That is a cap.

Practice Exercise:

Fill in the blanks with “This” or “That”:

1. ______ is a skirt.
2. ______ is a jacket.
3. ______ is a doll.
4. ______ is a teddy bear.

Understanding “These” and “Those”

For plural objects, we use:

• “These” for things that are near.
  • Example: These are socks.
• “Those” for things that are far.
  • Example: Those are pants.

Practice Exercise:

Fill in the blanks with “These” or “Those”:

1. ______ are pencils.
2. ______ are sunglasses.
3. ______ are apples.
4. ______ are dolls.

“Need” vs. “Want”

Understanding the difference between “need” and “want” is important:

• Need refers to essential things like food, water, and clothes.
  • Example: I need bread.
• Want refers to things that are not necessary but desirable.
  • Example: I want a teddy bear.

Practice Exercise:

Choose the correct word (need or want):

1. I ______ water.
2. I ______ chocolate.
3. A baby ______ milk.
4. I ______ a kite.

Possessive Pronouns

Possessive pronouns show ownership:

Practice Exercise:

Fill in the blanks with the correct possessive pronoun (mine, his, hers, ours, yours, theirs):

1. This is my kite. It’s ______.
2. These are your socks. They’re ______.
3. That is her dress. It’s ______.
4. Those are our gloves. They’re ______.

The Present Continuous Tense

The present continuous is used for actions happening right now.

Structure:

Subject + verb “to be” + main verb + “-ing”

Examples:

• I am wearing a blue shirt.
• She is playing outside.

Practice Exercise:

Choose the correct verb form:

1. She (is/are) wearing a red dress.
2. They (is/are) playing with a ball.
3. I (am/is) reading a book.

Asking About Jobs

To ask about someone’s job, we use:

• “What do you do?” (for “I,” “we,” “they”)
  • Example: What do you do? I am a teacher.
• “What does he/she do?” (for “he,” “she”)
  • Example: What does she do? She is a nurse.

Practice Exercise:

Fill in the blanks with he, she, you, I, they:

1. What does ______ do? He is a dentist.
2. What do ______ do? I am a teacher.
3. What do ______ do? They are doctors.

The Present Simple Tense

The present simple is used for regular actions.

Structure:

• “I / We / You / They + verb”
  • Example: I eat fish.
• “He / She / It + verb + s/es”
  • Example: She eats fish.

Practice Exercise:

Choose the correct verb form:

1. He (play/plays) football.
2. She (eat/eats) an apple.
3. I (drink/drinks) milk.

Adverbs of Frequency

Adverbs of frequency describe how often an action happens:

Practice Exercise:

Fill in the blanks with always, usually, often, sometimes, never:

1. I ______ drink water before sleeping.
2. She ______ plays basketball on weekends.
3. They ______ watch TV at night.

Asking About Prices

To ask about the price of something, use:

• “How much does it cost?” (singular)
  • Example: It costs $10.
• “How much do they cost?” (plural)
  • Example: They cost $20.

Practice Exercise:

Choose the correct word (do/does):

1. How much ______ the apples cost?
2. How much ______ the book cost?

Making Suggestions with “Let’s”

We use “Let’s + verb” to suggest an activity.

Examples:

• Let’s play a game.
• Let’s go to the park.

Practice Exercise:

Choose the correct form:

1. Let’s (play/playing) soccer.
2. Let’s (go/going) outside.

Talking About Hobbies and Interests

To talk about likes and dislikes, use:

• “I like + verb + ing”
  • Example: I like playing basketball.
• “I don’t like + verb + ing”
  • Example: I don’t like running.

Practice Exercise:

Fill in the blanks:

1. I like ______ (swim).
2. She likes ______ (play) tennis.
3. They don’t like ______ (run).

Conclusion

This booklet provides an essential introduction to grammar and vocabulary for young learners. By mastering these concepts, students can improve their ability to communicate in English effectively.

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Grammar and vocabulary booklet – 1st Grade and 2nd Grade

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